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Abstract
This multiphase study was performed to determine if there is any possible link between gamma radiation and paranormal activity.
Null Hypothesis: Gamma radiation levels are higher in locations that are associated with ghostly phenomena.
Alternative Hypothesis: Gamma radiation levels are not significantly higher in locations that are associated with ghostly phenomena or Ghosts do not exist.
Introduction
Many hypotheses have been put forth that suggests that gamma radiation may be somehow associated with ghostly phenomena. This article presents the collected data from from test sites and environmentally controlled and monitored conditions in accordance with SGHA Method 001. (Click here to read more about this method).
Materials and Methods
This study was carried out using SGHA Method 001, a double blind study which compares data that is collected in "haunted" and "non-haunted" (controlled) environments.
A CD V-715 Civil Defense High-Range Survey Meter was used to measure the gamma radiation levels on the scale of X0.1.
Normal background gamma radiation was determined to be 219 micro Gray (21.9 milli rem). The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) report of 2000 is summarized in [Charles 2001]. Any readings above this background level were counted as positive results (each millirem being counted as a score of 1).
The meter was used to obtain samples from a total of 50 ghost hunts, 25 in Test sites (Positive Controls), 25 in Control Sites (Negative Controls). The test was initiated in February 1987 and concluded in July of 1991.
The data collected was analyzed by standard deviation and a two sample (paired) T-Test.
| NEGATIVE CONTROL |
POSITIVE CONTROL |
| Date |
+ Result |
02/15/1987 |
1 |
03/14/1987 |
0 |
04/18/1987 |
0 |
06/06/1987 |
2 |
07/18/1987 |
3 |
09/12/1987 |
1 |
12/12/1987 |
0 |
02/06/1988 |
0 |
04/16.1988 |
0 |
08/21/1988 |
2 |
10/08/1988 |
4 |
01/21/1989 |
2 |
01/28/1989 |
3 |
04/08/1989 |
3 |
05/13/1989 |
1 |
07/29/1989 |
0 |
11/11/1989 |
0 |
04/14/1990 |
0 |
07/14/1990 |
2 |
07/27/1990 |
1 |
09/09/1990 |
3 |
11/10/1990 |
2 |
01/19/1991 |
1 |
02/16/1991 |
2 |
07/13/1991 |
0 |
|
| Date |
+ Result |
02/ 07/1987 |
2 |
03/28/1987 |
0 |
05/23/1987 |
0 |
06/20/1987 |
0 |
08/22/1987 |
2 |
10/10/1987 |
1 |
10/17/1987 |
0 |
10/31/1987 |
0 |
06/11/1988 |
2 |
07/23/1988 |
0 |
10/22/1988 |
1 |
11/ 19/1988 |
0 |
02/18/1989 |
3 |
06/10/1989 |
0 |
06/24/1989 |
0 |
08/12/1989 |
0 |
10/14/1989 |
1 |
10/28/1989 |
2 |
02/17/1990 |
0 |
05/19/1990 |
1 |
10/13/1990 |
2 |
10/20/1990 |
4 |
12/ 08/1990 |
2 |
04/20/1991 |
1 |
05/11/1991 |
0 |
|
Results
Repeated Measures Analysis Summary
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Number of repeated measures is 2
Number of subjects read in 25
Means and standard deviations for 2 repeated measures:
1)POSITIVE: mean = 0.96 s.d. = 1.13578
2)NEGATIVE: mean = 1.32 s.d. = 1.249
Mean Difference = -0.36 s.d.(difference) = 1.43991
95% C.I. about Mean Difference is (-0.95468, 0.23468)
Paired t-test
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Hypotheses:
Ho: The mean difference between pairs is 0.
Ha: The mean difference between pairs is not 0.
Calculated t = 1.25008 with 24 D.F. p = 0.2233 (two-sided)
Note: For a one-sided test, you must adjust the p-value according to
the direction of your alternative hypothesis.
A paired t-test was performed to determine if there was a difference
between paired differences of POSITIVE and NEGATIVE.
The mean difference between pairs of POSITIVE and NEGATIVE
are not significantly different from 0(zero).
(M=-0.36, SD =1.43991, N= 25), t(24)=1.25, two-tail p = 0.223.
Based on the data obtained during the testing period, the null hypothesis is rejected. The alternative hypothesis, that gamma radiation levels are not significantly higher in locations that are associated with ghostly phenomena or ghosts do not exist is accepted. |
