| An electromagnetic
wave, although it carries no mass, does carry energy. It also has momentum,
and can exert pressure (known as radiation pressure). The energy carried
by an electromagnetic wave is proportional to the frequency of the wave.
The wavelength and frequency of the wave are connected via the speed of
light. The energy in an electromagnetic wave is tied up in the electric
and magnetic fields.
We use the term electromagnetic wave, because that wave actually has two
components, an electric, or E, field and a magnetic, or B, field (the
magnetic field intensity is a vector quantity usually symbolized by H).
The electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other and both
are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. The strength
of the electric field can be measured and the strength is expressed in
units of
Volts per meter (V/m). The magnetic field can also be measured and the
strength expressed either in units of Gauss (G), milligauss (mG) or Tesla
(T) where 1 T = 10,000 G.
What is so important about ions?
The Italian scientist Luigi Galvani found that
nervous tissue (groups of cells that conduct impulses) displays Electrical
Activity in the form of a Nerve Impulse, which is a flow of electrical
charges along The Cell Membranes of a Neuron. This Electrical Activity
is due to Movement of IONS (charge particles) across the Cell Membrane.
SODIUM - Na+, AND POTASSIUM - K+. The movement of these Ions is affected
by their ability to pass through the Cell membrane, their Concentration
Inside and Out of the Cell, and their Charge.
A Nerve Cell has ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL across its cell membrane because
of a difference in the number of Positively and Negatively Charged IONS
on each side of the Cell Membrane. The Electrical Potential is due to
PROTEINS in the Neuron known as Sodium-Potassium Pumps move Sodium ions
(Na+) OUT of the Cell and Actively Pump Potassium ions (K+) INTO the Cell.
So
what is the point?
The brain and consciousness use ions and ionic
energy to operate. If a ghost is a remnant of consciousness then it would
be familiar with this kind of energy and would be able to harness it more
effectively. It is quite possible that ions are potential power source
for ghosts.
Ions are readily found in our natural environment and in the atmosphere.
Normal fair-weather ion concentrations are 200 to 800 negative and 250
to 1500 positive ions per cubic centimeter. Indoor levels are usually
lower. Several hours before a storm, + ion concentration will increase
dramatically, sometimes exceeding 5000 ions per cubic centimeter (cm3).
During a storm, - ions increase to several thousand while + ions decrease,
often to levels below 500.
Almost all positive ("+") natural ions are produced by radioactivity
and about 40% of these natural air ions come from radioactive minerals
in the ground. Each time a radioactive atom decays near the air, it produces
50,000 - 500,000 air ion pairs.
Another 40% of the natural air ions are produced from radon in the air
(which produces about 250,000 ion pairs for each radon atom), and 20%
are produced from cosmic rays (high-energy protons from distant supernovas).
Indoors, ions "live" an average of 30 seconds before touching
a surface and shorting to ground.
Outdoor ions usually "live" several minutes more than indoor
ions. Negative ions usually come from radioactivity and evaporating water.
Lightning, thunderstorms, and forest fires can contribute positive and
negative ions, though these ions are not produced via common everyday
conditions.
Ions can also be produced by high-energy events, such as an open flame
or a glowing hot object. Hot objects usually emit equal numbers of positive
and negative ions. High DC voltage (over 1000 Volts), especially when
connected to pointed metal edges or needles, will produce ions of the
same polarity as the voltage source, which is the basis of home ionizers.
Evaporating water will produce negative ions in the air and as a consequence
leave positive charges behind in the water that hasn't yet evaporated.
Dispersing Energy
How can a ghost disperse energy? By passing close to other sources of
electricity, any exchange of electricity between him and some objects
would do. You need to take into account that another source of electricity
needs to be involved. Either it is an object that is plugged in, or the
power lines outside or attached to the building, or anything else that
is a source of electricity. An exchange of electricity between two sources
is necessary (our ghost being one). Lightning or an electric current comes
from an exchange of electrons (or more specifically of ions) going from
a positive to a negative pole and vice versa. That is what can cause a
magnetic field, the circuit or exchange of electrons (ions) from one pole
to the other. When an object is fully charged with positive or negative
energy, that object becomes a magnetic.
Electromagnetic
Cascade Shower
Another way that a ghost might build and disperse energy is through an
electromagnetic cascade shower. Electrons can create photons by interacting
with the ghost’s magnetic field. In a similar way, photons can create
electrons and their antiparticles, positrons, by interacting with the
ghost's energy itself. The electrons (ions) can set photons into motion
and these photons can, in turn, set electrons and positrons into motion,
and this process can continue to repeat. Enough electrons can set thousands
of particles into motion. Albert Einstein's famous relation governing
the equivalence of matter and energy (E = mc²) governs this process
-- namely, matter (electrons and positrons) can be created from pure energy
and vice versa. The particle creation process only stops when the energy
runs out. The majority of cascade showers will fail before sufficient
energy is reached for the EMP to interact with its environment.
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